रूदादे-क़फ़स (मेजर मुहम्मद इस्हाक़) / फ़ैज़ अहमद फ़ैज़
jkoyfiaMh lkft+'k dsl esa pkj lky rd tsy ds lkFkh jgs eqgEen bLgkd+ dk ;g laLej.k Q+St+ dh jpuk'khyrk dks vius <ax ls vkyksfdr djrk gSA ;|fi ;g laLdj.k ^ftankaukek* dk vkeq[k ;k izkDdFku gS]ij ;g ewyr% tsythou dh Mk;jh gSA ladhfe;kxj cx+qLlk eqnkZ c&jat vCyk vanj [k+jkck ;k¶+rk xatA ¼lksuk cukus dh dksf'k'k djus okyk dhfe;kxj viuh ukdkeh ds dkj.k vkus okys X+kqLls dh rdyhQ+ dks cnkZ'r u dj ldk vkSj ej x;kA ysfdu ew[kZ dks ¼viuh [+kq'kfd+Lerh ls½ [kaMgj esa Hkh [k+t+kuk fey x;kA½ Q+St+ lkgc dh fdlh jpuk dk izkDdFku fy[kus dk lkSHkkX; ,d [k+tkuk ikus ls D;k de gks ldrk gS] ysfdu bldh dfBukb;ksa dk ,glkl eq>s ml le; gqvk tc fy[kus cSBkA dgrs gSa iqjkus t+ekus ds jkts&egjkts tc fdlh nqHkkZX; ds ekjs lQ+sniks'k dh ijs'kkfu;ka c<+kuk pkgrs Fks rks mls ,d gkFkh buke esa ns fn;k djrs FksA ekeyk fcYdqy ,slk gh rks ugha gS ysfdu ,d lhèks&lkns Q+kSth vkneh ds fy, Q+St+ ds d+yke ds ckjs esa dqN fy[kuk dkQ+h ijs'kkuh dk dkj.k gks ldrk gSA vkSj fQj ,d fdlku vkSj [k+kldj mifuos'k ds fdlku ds csVs dh rjfc;r gh D;k gksrh gS! nsgkrh Ldwyksa dh rkyhe vkSj og Hkh vaèkfo'okl vkSj vKkurk ds f?kukSus lk;s rysA ,sls ekgkSy esa ftlesa x+jhch vkSj lkèkughurk ds lkStU; ls fy[kus dh txg gy dh ydhj lhèkh j[kuk] <ksj&Maxj dh fuxjkuh djuk vkSj cSyksa ds fy, pkjk ykuk vfèkd lEeku dh ut+j ls ns[kk tkrk gS] tgka gj u;h pht+] gj u;s [k+;ky dk ?k`.kk ds lkFk et+kd mM+k;k tkrk gS] tgka nqfu;k dk Åaps ls Åapk [k+;ky vkSj ifo=kre Hkkouk nks ch?ks t+ehu ds iSekus ls ukih tkrh gS] esjh rkyheh i`"BHkwfe ,slh gh FkhA lkfgR; vkSj dyk tc esjs xq#tuksa ds cl dh gh ckr ugha Fkh rks eSa mudks dSls Nw ikrkA fdrkcsa thou dk fgLlk ugha Fkha] dsoy bfErgku ikl djus dk lkèku FkhaA ykbczsfj;ka] fo}Ttuksa dh laxr] bYeh cglsa] eq'kk;js] Mªkes] laxhr] u`R;] vkVZ ¹ tsy dh dgkuh 34 @ u;k iFk vDVwcj&fnlacj % 2010 xSyfj;ka] E;wft+;e lc x+k;cA vkSj pkjksa rjQ+ lkezkT;okfn;ksa vkSj muds nslh ,tsaVksa ds vkfFkZd cks> rys djkgrh gqbZ turkA ,slh :[kh&Qhdh rkyhe ds ckn vkB&nl lky dh Q+kSt dh ^lkgc cgknqjh* us jgh&lgh dlj fudky nhA ogka dk rks ckck vkne gh fujkyk Fkk vkSj ^dkys yksxksa* dh viuh Hkk"kkvksa dks vius ns'k esa gh ns'kfudkyk feyk gqvk Fkk ;k mudh gSfl;r vaxzst+h t+cku dh ykSafM;ksa&ckafn;ksa dh lh FkhA tsy ds pkj lky bl fygkt+ ls ykHkizn jgs fd ,dkxzrk ls i<+kbZ dk ekSd+k fey x;kA lksus ij lqgkxk
- g gqvk fd nks ,d izksQ+slj Hkh lkFk gh d+kcw esa vk x;sA
ft+ankaukek ¼tsyo`Ùkkar½ dk izkDdFku fy[kus ds cgkus eSa viuk thouo`Ùkkar fy[kus dk bjknk ugha j[krkA eSa le>rk gwa fd fdlh jpuk dh lgh tkap mlh le; gks ldrh gS tc 'kk;j ds LFkku vkSj {kerkvksa dks iwjh rjg le> fy;k tk;sA blesa dksbZ 'kd ugha fd eSa pkj lky ls dqN gh eghus de fnu&jkr Q+St+ ds lkFk jgk gwaA ;g yack le; geus tsy ds ,d gh vgkrs esa ikl&ikl fLFkr dksBfj;ksa esa xqt+kjk] lSdM+ksa ckj lqcg&lcsjs lcls igys ,d&nwljs ds eqag yxs gSa] viuh [kqf'k;ka vkSj x+e vkil esa ckaVus ij etcwj jgsA tsy ds ckgj vkneh lSdM+ksa yksxksa ls jkst+ feyrk gS feyrk u Hkh gks] ns[k t+:j ysrk gSA dbZ rjg dh vkokt+sa lqurk gS] chfl;ksa n`';ksa ls okLrk iM+rk gSA fdlh ls uQ+jr gS rks dUuh dkV ds fudy ldrk gS] fdlh ls eqgCcr gS rks eqykd+kr dh jkgsa <wa<+ ysrk gS ;k mudh ryk'k esa th cgyk ysrk gSA tsy esa vkneh dh et+hZ mlls Nhu yh tkrh gS vkSj mldh xfrfofèk lhfer dj nh tkrh gSA ogka dk lalkj nks&pkj d+Snh] nks&pkj igjsnkj] dqN dksBfj;ka vkSj dqN nhokjsa] ,d&vkèk isM+] ,d&nks fxygfj;ka] vkèks ntZu ds d+jhc fNidfy;ka vkSj dqN dkS, vkSj nwljs ifjans gksrs gSa ftuesa eghuksa] cfYd lkyksa rd dksbZ cnyko ugha vkrkA eq>s bl NksVh lh nqfu;k esa Q+St+ lkgc ds lkFk yxkrkj pkj lky rd jgus dk ekSd+k feyk gSA ysfdu bl yach laxr ds ckotwn t+:jh ugha fd eSa vius fo"k; ds lkFk iwjk balkQ+ dj ldwaA ,d vaèkk bl czãkaM dh jaxkjaxh esa thou xqt+kj dj Hkh jaxksa dk vanktk ugha dj ldrkA dbZ yksx vPNh&Hkyh ut+j j[krs gq, Hkh dbZ jaxksa dks ugha igpku ldrsA jsfM;ks izksxzke lquus ds fy, rkd+roj jsfM;ks LVs'ku gh ugha pkfg,] fjlhfoax&lsV Hkh =kqfVghu gksuk pkfg,A
- gka ij ft+ankaukek ¼Q+St+ dk rhljk ladyu½ dh uT+eksa vkSj x+t+yksa ij Vhdk&fVIi.kh djus dk
mís'; ugha] fQj Hkh 'kk;j ds lkFk ds laLej.k esa mudh ppkZ t+:jh gSA Q+St+ dh xgjh laosnu'khyrk dk o.kZu esjs cl dh ckr ugha gSA vlj y[kuoh ds 'kCnksa esa] ^Q+St+ vgen Q+St+ dh 'kk;jh rjD+d+h dh lhf<+;ka r; djds vc ml pje fcanq ij gS ftl rd 'kk;n gh fdlh nwljs izxfr'khy 'kk;j dh igqap gqbZ gksA dYiuk us jpuk ds tkSgj fn[kk;s gSa vkSj eklwe tT+ckr dks lqanj vkÑfr nh gSA ,slk ekywe gksrk gS ifj;ksa dk ,d >qaM] ,d tknqbZ Q+t+k esa mM+us esa bl rjg rYyhu gS fd ,d ij ,d ifj;ka VwVh iM+ jgh gSa vkSj banzèkuq"k dh Nfo fy;s cknyksa ls lrjaxh ckfj'k gks jgh gS---A gj dksbZ viuh ;ksX;rk ds vuqlkj bl laosnuk dks eglwl dj ldrk gSA eSa flQ+Z ;g pkgrk gwa fd viuh le> ds vuqlkj fxuh&pquh uT+eksa dh i`"BHkwfe dk c;ku dj nwaA bruk ;kn jgs fd lgh vnc viuh i`"BHkwfe dh lhekvksa dks rksM+dj cgqr vkxs fudy tkrk gSA Q+St+ dh 'kk;jh dks vius il&eatj ds lkaps esa lhfer djds ns[kuk T+kqYe gSA blfy, esjs iz;kl dks ,d lkbu cksMZ ls T+;knk egRo ugha u;k iFk vDVwcj&fnlacj % 2010 @ 35 nsuk pkfg,A vkxs jkLrk lcdk viuk&viuk gS] vkSj viuh&viuh fgEerA Q+St+ lkgc 9 ekpZ 1951 dks d+Sn gq, vkSj vizSy 1955 esa fjgk gq,A bl rjg mudh d+Sn ds fnu pkj lky ls dqN Åij curs gSaA bl vlsZ esa og igys rhu eghus ljxksèkk vkSj yk;yiqj dh tsyksa esa dS+ns&rugkbZ esa jgsA blds ckn tqykbZ 1953 bZ- rd gSnjkckn ¼flaèk½ tsy esa jkoyfiaMh lkft+'k dsl ds vU; d+Sfn;ksa ds lkFk jgsA tqykbZ 1953 esa ge lcdks NksVh&NksVh VqdfM+;ksa esa ckaVdj ykgkSj] eaVxksejh] ePN ¼cywfpLrku½ vkSj gSnjkckn dh tsyksa esa Hkst fn;k x;kA Q+St+ lkgc ds fy,] esjs vkSj dSfIVu f[k+t+z g;kr ds lkFk eaVxksejh lsaVªy tsy dk p;u fd;k x;kA ysfdu og pwafd bykt ds fy, djkph pys x;s Fks blfy, dgha 1953 esa tkdj gekjs ikl eaVxksejh igqapsA ;gka ls ge bdV~Bk fjgk gq,A eq>s Q+St+ lkgc dh fxj¶+rkjh ds dksbZ rhu eghus ckn ebZ 1951 esa canh cuk;k x;k Fkk] blfy, [k+Yd+s&[+kqnk ¼tu lkèkkj.k½ dh ljxksf'k;ka lqurk jgkA mu fnuksa Q+St+ lkgc ds lkFk muds nksLrksa vkSj fiz;tuksa dks feyus dh btkt+r ugha Fkh] u os fdlh ls i=kkpkj dj ldrs FksA muds ckjs esa rjg&rjg dh vQ+okgsa QSyh gqbZ Fkha vkSj d+Sn esa muds lkFk O;ogkj ds fo"k; esa vthc&vthc ân;fonkjd fd+Lls e'kgwj FksA tc igyh ckj muls gSnjkckn tsy esa HksaV gqbZ rks tkdj lqdwu feykA ogh eqLdjkrk yykV] ogh pedrh gqbZ vka[ksa] ogh xkSreh eqLdqjkgV ftldk uwj lc rjQ+ QSy jgk Fkk vkSj fQj og nqfu;k dks thr ysus okyh eqgCcr ftlls mudks tkuus okys ifjfpr gSaA tsy ,d rjg dk tknqbZ 'kh'kk?kj gksrk gS tgka lwjrksa dh ugha cfYd lhjrksa ¼Lo:i½ dh Nfo vn~Hkqr 'kDysa cukdj izdV gksrh gSA fdlh dk fet+kt >xM+kyw gS rks og gj fdlh ls yM+kbZ eksy ysus dh fpark esa gksxk] dksbZ dk;j LoHkko dk gS rks og xkscj ds dhM+s dh rjg gj le; flj Nqikus dh èkqu esa gksxkA dksbZ fujk'kkoknh gS rks og gj vPNh&cqjh [k+cj esa vius fny VwVus dh otg <wa<+ fudkysxkA fdlh dks dksbZ lud gS rks og nhokuxh dh gn rd c<+ tk;sxhA LoHkko esa dehuxh vkSj rax&ut+jh fo'ks"kr% Qyrh&Qwyrh gS vkSj NksVh&NksVh ckrksa ij vius lkfFk;ksa vkSj tsyokyksa ls >xM+s gks tkrs gSaA bldh ,d otg rks ;g gS fd bulku dh lkjh dk;ukr tsy dh pkjnhokjh esa lhfer dj nh tkrh gS vkSj ftldh otg ls lksp&fopkj vkSj n`f"V esa raxh vk tkrh gSA nwljk dkj.k gS fd bulkuksa ij gSokuh cafn'ksa yxk nh tkrh gSaA dksBjh esa can djuk] ,d ifjlj esa d+Sn dj nsuk] csfM+;ka igukuk] fiz;tuksa vkSj fe=kksa ls feyus ij ikcafn;ka] foo'krk dk vkye ;s lc pht+sa d+Sfn;ksa ds fny ij lwbZ dh uksd dk dke djrh gSaA tsy ds dqN vQ+lj Hkh dS+fn;ksa ds fny rksM+us ds ekSd+s <wa<+rs jgrs gSa vkSj dS+nh ds vkRelEeku vkSj eku dks Bsl igqapkus esa [+kwc n{k gksrs gSa] vxjps ;g ckr lcds ckjs esa Bhd ughaA bu gkykr esa ,d vkneh d+Sn gksdj viuk jkst+ejkZ dk O;fDrRo d+k;e u j[k lds rks dksbZ vpjt dh ckr ughaA deky rks mu yksxksa dk gS tks tsy tkdj Hkh ot+snkjh d+k;e j[k ldrs gSaA ftu yksxksa dks eSa tsy tkus ls igys tkurk Fkk muesa Q+St+ lkgc gh ,sls Fks tks izR;{k :i esa Vl ls el ugha gq,A ysfdu vke yksxksa dh rjg rch;rksa dk cks> de djus ds fy, yM+kbZ&>xM+s] naxk&Q+lkn vkSj blh izdkj ds nwljs ls¶+Vh&okYo bLrseky u djus ls Q+St+ lkgc ij tks ekufld vkSj 'kkjhfjd ncko iM+k og muds nksLrksa ls fNik ugha jgkA 'kk;jh x+uher Fkh ftlds }kjk os fny dk 36 @ u;k iFk vDVwcj&fnlacj % 2010 X+kqckj fudky fy;k djrs Fks] ysfdu 'kk;jh Lo;a fnyks&ftxj ds b±èku ij thou ikrh gS % tks ge is xqt+jh lks xqt+jh] exj 'kcs&fgtzka1 gekjs v'd rsjh vkd+cr2
laokj pysA
gSnjkckn esa eqd+nes ds nkSjku chrus okys fnu Hkh vthc FksA rhu eghuksa ls VksMh fd+Le ds yksx v[k+ckjksa] b'rgkjksa] tylksa] tqywlksa esa gesa xksyh dk fu'kkuk cukus dh ekax dj jgs FksA dbZ v[k+ckjksa us ^x+íkj fo'ks"kkad* fudky fn;s FksA dqN ,slk ekgkSy iSnk dj fn;k x;k Fkk fd eqYd esa Lora=k LoHkko j[kus okyk gj vkneh ;g le>us yxk Fkk fd mldks Hkh lkft+'k esa èkj fy;k tk;sxkA pkjksa rjQ+ ,d ng'kr vkSj Hk; dh Q+t+k Fkh vkSj gekjs fj'rsnkj vkSj nksLr gekjh tkuksa ls gkFk èkks cSBs FksA ysfdu tsy ds vanj gekjh viuh gkyr ;g Fkh fd ge ekuks fidfud ij vk;s gq, gSaA lc rjQ+ galh&et+kd Fkk] d+gd+gs Fks] mEehn Fkh] gkSlyk FkkA d+Ookfy;ka gksrh Fkha] Lokax Hkjs tkrs Fks] bldh ,d otg rks
- g gks ldrh gS fd gesa viuh fjgkbZ ij iwjk Hkjkslk Fkk vkSj nwljh ckr 'kk;n ;g gks ldrh gS fd
,d cgqr cM+s [k+rjs ds lkeus vkneh vke rkSj ls nks gh jkLrs ikrk gS ;k rks mYVs ikao Hkkx mBrk gS ;k eqd+kcys dh Bku ysrk gSA vafre ckr dh Hkh vkxs nks lwjrsa gksrh gSaA pqukaps ge esa dbZ ,sls Hkh gksaxs tks dfBukb;ksa dh Hk;kogrk ds lkeus dkai&dkai dj gal jgs Fks vkSj dqN ,sls Hkh Fks % b'jrsd+Ry&xgs vgys&reUuk er iwN bZns&uT+t+kjk gS 'ke'khj dk mfj;ka gksuk ¼x+kfyc½ ¼vius d+Ry ds le; d+Ry gksus dh vkdka{kk j[kus okyksa dh [+kq'kh dk dqN u iwNksA tc muds lkeus ryokj dks uaxk fd;k tkrk gS rks ;g muds fy, vius b"V ds n'kZu tSlk izlUurknk;d gksrk gSA½
- g fLFkfr flQ+Z gSnjkckn ¼flaèk½ dh gh fof'k"Vrk ugha Fkh] ykgkSj esa ge tks pan fnu #ds Fks] ogka
Hkh gekjh ;gh gkyr FkhA pqukaps ykgkSj dh cMZ cqM cSjDl esa iqfyl dks lkSais tkus ds dksbZ ikap feuV ckn gh] ebZ 1951 esa fxj¶+rkj gksus okys lkrksa Q+kSth vQ+lj] t+Q+#Yykg iks'kuh ds usr`Ro esa Q+qt+wy fd+Le ds Q+kSth dksjl vyki jgs FksA ¼bl rjg dh cst+jj csgwnfx;ksa dh NksVs Q+kSth vQ+ljksa dks [k+kl ekSd+ksa ij btkt+r gksrh gS½A ykgkSj tsy dh ,d ?kVuk ;kn djrk gwa rks vc Hkh galh vk tkrh gSA ogka gesa ce dsl ckMZ esa j[kk x;k FkkA ¼;g okMZ Hkxr flag vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds fy, [k+kl rkSj ij rkehj fd;k x;k Fkk½A blds vkaxu esa ,d ckjknjh lh gS ftlds njokt+kas esa yksgs dh et+cwr tkyh yxh gqbZ gSA jkr dks ge ;gha lks;k djrs FksA ,d fnu lksus dh rS;kjh esa Fks fd ,d cw<+k larjh tkyh ls yxdj vanj >kadus yxkA f[kt+z g;kr us iwNk] ^ckck! rqEgsa ge dS+nh fn[kk;h nsrs gSa\ mlus dgk] ^th gka tukcA* f[k+tz+ g;kr cksyk] ^ysfdu ckck gesa rks rqe dS+n esa ut+j vkrs gksA* bl ij cw<+k larjh igys rks ckS[kyk lk x;k] fQj brus t+ksj ls galus yxk fd ge Hkh galrs&galrs yksV&iksV gks x;sA ,d u'kk Fkk ftlesa lc exu Fks % 1- fo;ksx dh jkr 2- ijyk sd
tks rq>ls vgns&oQ+k mLrkoj j[krs gSa bykts&xfnZ'ks&ySyks&ugkj j[krs gSaA ¼vxj rq>ls oQ+knjh dh izfrKk dh gS] rks fQj jkr vkSj fnu ¼le;½ dh xfnZ'k dk bykt djuk Hkh tkurs gSaA½ ykgkSj gh dk ,d vkSj yrhQ+k ;kn vk x;kA ,d fnu gesa fjekaM ds fy, vnkyr ys tk;k tkuk FkkA [k+cj feyh fd lS;n lTtkn t+ghj Hkh lkFk tk;saxsA tsy ds cM+s njokt+s ds vanj iqfyl dh d+Sfn;ksa dks <ksus okyh xkM+h [kM+h FkhA ge ogka #d x;s vkSj lS;n lkgc dk bart+kj djus yxsA brus esa Qkalh dh dksBfj;ksa dh rjQ+ ls lQ+sn 'kyokj dqÙkkZ igus] flj ij ftUuk dsi tek;s] ,d Hkkjh Hkjde] thou ls larq"V O;fDr vkrk ut+j vk;kA ge vkil esa dkukQwlh djus yxs fd D;k
- gh lTtkn t+ghj gks ldrk gSA geesa ls muds lkFk fdlh dh Hkh tku igpku ugha FkhA dqN yksxksa
dk [k+;ky Fkk fd dE;qfuLV cnlwjr ik'kfod izÑfr ds bulku gksrs gSaA nk;sa&ck;sa fiLrkSy yxkrs gSa] isV ij dVkj ckaèkrs gSaA cM+h&cM+h ewaNsa vkSj [+kaw[+okj vka[ksa j[krs gSa vkSj mudh ckrphr dk fo"k; d+Ryks&x+kjr ds flok dqN ugha gksrkA lTtkn t+ghj pwafd ikfdLrkuh dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ds tujy lsØsVªh Fks] blfy, bu yksxksa ds [k+;ky esa muds eqag ls gj lkal esa vkx fudyuh pkfg, Fkh vkSj mudks bl fd+Le dk dkb;ka bulku gksuk pkfg, Fkk fd Mqcdh yxk;s rks tsy ls ckgj pyk tk;sA ;g O;fDr tks ueZ pky] ikd uSu uD+'k vkSj ,d vnn vkfyekuk rksan fy;s gq, Fkk] lTtkn t+ghj dSls gks ldrk FkkA gekjs ;s lkFkh viuh jk; ij dqN ,sls vM+s gq, Fks ekuks ;g muds èkeZ dk fgLlk gksA pqukaps ge lcus ;g eku fy;k fd ;s lTtkn t+ghj ugha gks ldrs d'ehjh ckt+kj ds 'ks[k+ gksaxs ;k iqfyl ds dksbZ f[k+tz lwjr ,tsaVA blfy, vnkyr rd ds iwjs lQ+j esa ge xqelqe cSBs mudh rjQ+ duf[k;ksa ls ns[krs jgsA vnkyr esa tc os [kM+s gksdj xjts fd] tukcs&okyk ianzg fnu gks x;s gSa vkSj eq>s vHkh rd ugha crk;k x;k fd eSa fdl tqeZ eSa fxj¶+rkj fd;k x;k gwaA ;g fcYdqy csgwnk ckr gSA* rks gesa ;d+hu gks x;k fd os lTtkn t+ghj gh gSaA fjekaM ds fy, gesa tt lkgc dh dksBh esa ys tk;k x;k FkkA ogka iqfyl xkMks± vkSj xkfM+;ksa dh bruh xgek&xgeh Fkh fd dksBh dh Åij dh eaft+y esa cgqr ls yksx rek'kk ns[kus ds fy, tek gks x;s FksA ft+;kmíhu us b'kkjs ls eq>s cqykdj dgk] HkbZ ,sls cSBs gks tSls eos'kh pjkus vk;s gksA lhèks gksdj cSBks] dkyj Bhd djks] t+jk&t+jk eqLdqjkvksA ns[krs ugha gks] ifCyd ns[k jgh gSA* vkSj [+kqn Hkh rudj ,sls cSB x;k ekuks rLohj mrjokus vk;k gksA ,vj deksMksj tatqvk ls esjh igyh eqykd+kr ogha gqbZA mUgksaus gkFk feykrs oD+r esjs gkFk dks bl QqrhZ ls fupksM+k fd vc rd ;kn gSA gSnjkckn esa vnkyr dh bekjr tsy ds vanj FkhA vnkyr dk oD+r vkB ls ckjg cts rd gksrk FkkA g¶+rk vkSj brokj ds fnu [k+kyh gksrs FksA 'kke ds oD+r dHkh&dHkh gekjs odhy e'kfojs ds fy, vk tk;k djrs FksA ckd+h oD+r gekjk viuk gksrk FkkA ,d gh vgkrs esa lcds fy, txg ugha FkhA blfy, Q+St+ lkgc] eqgEen gqlSu vrk] tujy vdcj [k+ka] fczxsfM;j lkfnd+ [k+ka] duZy ft+;kmíhu] duZy fu;kt+ eqgEen vjckc] estj glu [k+ka] dSfIVu t+Q+#Yykg iks'kuh] dSfIVu f[kt+z g;kr vkSj eSa] ,d vgkrs esa j[ks x;sA vkSj lS;n lTtkn t+ghj] tujy ut+hj vgen] ,;j deksMksj tatqvk] vkSj fczxsfM;j yrhQ+ [k+ka dks ,d nwljk vgkrk fn;k x;kA csxe vdcj [k+ka ds fy, vyx O;oLFkk FkhA 38 @ u;k iFk vDVwcj&fnlacj % 2010 [kkus dk cankscLr gekjh rjQ+ FkkA gesa t+gwj vgen vkSj vkfny [k+ka nks d+Snh fugk;r vPNk idkus okys feys gq, Fks vkSj [kkus dh O;oLFkk ,d ckd+k;nk vkfQ+llZ esl dh rjg Fkh ftldk lsØsVªh le;≤ ij pquk tkrk FkkA 'kke ds oD+r okWyhcky vkSj cSMfeaVu Hkh gekjs vgkrs esa gh [ksys tkrs FksA bl rjg bu feyh&tqyh ljxkfeZ;ksa dk dsanz ;gh vgkrk FkkA eq'kk;js] dOokfy;ka] Mªkes vke rkSj ls ;gha gksrs FksA lS;n lT+t+kn t+ghj okys vgkrs esa ge NqV~Vh ds fnu dh lqcg tk;k djrs Fks tgka dkWQ+h vkSj fcLdqV ls vkoHkxr gksrh vkSj vnch o fl;klh ckrsa gksrh FkhaA fet+kZ lkSnk ds ¼eqykft+e½ X+kqaps dh rjg Q+St+ lkgc dh c;kt+ ¼'kk;jh dh dkih½ mBkus dk dke esjs ft+Ees FkkA tc os eq'kk;js dh egfQ+y dh rjQ+ ;k lTtkn t+ghj ds ;gka tkrs rks eSa uksV cqd mBk;s ihNs&ihNs gksrkA nwljs fe=kx.k tc gesa bl rjg tqywl esa pyrk ns[krs Fks rks pkjksa rjQ+ [+kq'kh dh ygj nkSM+ tkrh] blfy, fd tsy esa Q+St+ lkgc ds rkt+k dyke dk o:ns&elwn ¼ifo=k vkxeu½ t'u ls de ugha gksrk FkkA vkSj fQj ftl vnk ls ge pyrs Fks] og Hkh izlUurk dh ,d vPNh [k+klh gkL;kLin fLFkfr gksrh FkhA Q+St+ lkgc èkhes&èkhes eqLdqjkrs gq,] 'kjek;s ls pyrs Fks] vkSj eSa ,d yBSr tkV dh rjg xnZu vdM+k;s] ukd vkleku dh rjQ+ mBk;s] yksxksa ds fljksa ds Åij ls ns[krk gqvk pyrk Fkk vkSj tc rd Q+St+ lkgc ds r'kjhQ+ j[kus ij] fugk;r vnc ls ysfdu ,d vkucku ds lkFk c;kt+ mudh f[k+ner esa is'k ugha dj nsrk Fkk] eqLdqjkrk rd ugha FkkA fe;ka X+kqapk vkSj eq>esa bruk Q+d+Z t+:j Fkk fd fet+kZ lkSnk tc fdlh ckr ij ukjkt+ gqvk djrs Fks rks xq+aps dks flQ+Z dyenku vkxs c<+kuk gksrk Fkk] ckd+h fet+kZ [+kqn Hkqxr fy;k djrs FksA ;gka lwjr ;g Fkh fd Q+St+ lkgc rks ges'kk ls ^ck nq'euka eqjOor] ck nksLrk enkjk* ¼nq'euksa ds lkFk Ñikyq vkSj nksLrksa ds lkFk lRdkj'khy½ ds d+k;y jgs gSa vkSj fdlh ds lkeus mlls ukjkt+ ugha gksrs] vkSj xqapk f}rh; mu fnuksa nksLr] nq'eu lcds flj dkVus dks gj oD+r rS;kj jgrs FksA gSnjkckn esa Q+St+ lkgc] eSa vkSj vrk] lkFk&lkFk ds dejksa esa jgrs FksA eSa vkSj vrk muds gj ewM ls ifjfpr gks x;s FksA 'ksj dgus dk vkye gksrk rks Q+St+ lkgc [k+keks'k gks tk;k djrs FksA vycÙkk mBrs&cSBrs xquxquk pqdus ds ckn bèkj&mèkj ns[kus yxrsA ge Hkkai ysrs Fks fd Jksrkvksa dh t+:jr gSaA pqukaps ge nksuksa dbZ dkaÝ+salksa vkSj yxkrkj ljxksf'k;ksa ds ckn ekSd+s dh equklcr dk vankt+k yxkdj] xq# ukud nsoth ds HkkbZ ckyk vkSj enkZuk dh rjg] gqtw+js 'kk;j igqap tkrs Fks vkSj bèkj&mèkj dh gkadus ds ckn x+t+y ;k uT+e dh ekax 'kq: dj fn;k djrs Fks fd vc cgqr vlkZ gks x;k gS vkSj yksx D;k dgsaxs] ox+Sjg oxS+jgA vxj uT+e ;k x+t+y rS;kj gksrh Fkh rks ,d vkèk 'ksj lquk fn;k djrs Fks oukZ gqDe gksrk fd Hkkx tkvksA ge le> tkrs Fks fd bl badkj esa bd+jkj fNik gS] vkSj ckr QSyk nh tkrh Fkh fd ekuh dh ljt+eh is ut+wys&ljks'k gS muds vkl&ikl 'kksj&'kjkck] naxk&Q+lkn] yM+kbZ&>xM+k gj eqefdu gn rd can dj fn;k tkrk FkkA Q+St+ lkgc us cgqr ukT+kqd rch;r ik;h gSA iM+ksl esa rw&rw eSa&eSa gks jgh gks] nksLrksa esa ry[k+ dykeh gks] ;wa gh fdlh us R;ksjh p<+k j[kh gks] mudh rch;r t+:j [k+jkc gks tkrh gS] vkSj blds lkFk gh 'kk;jh dh dSfQ+;r dkQ+wj gks tkrh gSA tks yksx vrk dks vkSj eq>s tkurs gSa os fny gh fny esa eqLdqjk jgs u;k iFk vDVwcj&fnlacj % 2010 @ 39 gksaxs fd ;s gt+jkr ftudks 'kk;jh ns[k ik;s rks ulz ¼x|½ esa eqag fNikys] Q+St+ dh rch;r ij D;ksadj cks> ugha curs FksA bldk Hksn Q+St+ lkgc gh [kksy ldrs gSaA gSnjkckn esa d+jhcu gj i[kokM+s eq'kk;js dh egfQ+y tekus dk fjokt gks x;k FkkA ;g eq'kk;jk dHkh ^rjgh* gksrk Fkk] dHkh x+Sj&rjgh3 vkSj lHkh dks blesa fgLlk ysuk iM+rk FkkA nLrs&lck ¼Q+St+ dk nwljk ladyu½ esa fuEufyf[kr iafDr;ksa ij dgh gqbZ x+t+ysa ekStwn gSa % 1- ft+Øs&eqx+kZus&fxj¶+rkj d:a ;k u d:a 2- vkt D;wa e'kgwj gS gj ,d nhokus dk uke 3- ns[kuk oks fuxgs&ukt+ dgka Bgjh gS 4- oxjuk ge rks roD+dks T+;knk j[krs gSa Q+St+ dh x+t+y ^ogha gS fny ds d+jkbu reke dgrs gSa*] gljr eksgkuh dh ,d x+t+y ij dgh x;h gSA esjs t+sgu esa Q+St+ lkgc dh tsy dh 'kk;jh ds pkj jax gSa ¼;k ewM dg yhft,½A igyk jax ljxksèkk vkSj yk;yiqj dh tsyksa esa mudh rhu eghuksa dh d+Sns&rUgkbZ dk gSA os cgqr eqf'dy fnu FksA dkx+t+] d+ye] nokr] fdrkcsa] v[k+ckj] [k+r lc pht+sa euk FkhaA mUgksaus bl rjQ+ b'kkjk Hkh fd;k gS % erk&,&ykSg&vks&d+ye fNu x;h rks D;k x+e gS fd [+kwus&fny esa Mqcks yh gSa maxfy;ka eSaus t+cka is eqgj yxh gS rks D;k( fd j[k nh gS gjsd gyd+,&t+athj esa tcka eSaus flQ+Z ,d 'kElqíhu Fks tks uokcks] ftuksa] Hkwrksa] nsoksa] ifj;ksa]vkfeyksa ¼izsrkRek cqykus okys] >kM+ Qwad djus okys½ vkSj ekewyksa ls vius lacaèkksa ds fd+Lls lqukdj Q+St+ lkgc dk th cgyk;k djrs FksA gSnjkckn esa rks Q+St+ lkgc muds ft+Ø ls Hkjiwj Fks] vktdy Hkh vDlj ;kn djrs jgrs gSaA bl d+Sns&rUgkbZ dk muij vlj gqvk Fkk fd gSnjkckn igqapus ij os vdsys jgus ls cgqr og'kr [kkrsA viuh&viuh dksBfj;ksa ds vykok ,d gkWy Hkh gesa fn;k x;k FkkA gesa btkt+r Fkh fd tgka pkgsa viuk fcLrj tek ysaA ge vius&vius dejs esa jguk pkgrs Fks ysfdu Q+St+ lkgc gkWy esa jgus dh ft+n dj jgs FksA dgrs Fks fd rqEgsa esjh rjg rUgkbZ esa jguk iM+rk rks nksLrksa dh laxr dh d+nz gksrhA ysfdu mudh ;g gkyr T+;knk nsj ugha jgh vkSj dqN vlsZ ds ckn os vius dejs esa pys x;sA vc mudk T+;knkrj oD+r gesa vius dejs ls fudkyus esa [k+pZ gksrk FkkA Q+St+ lkgc dgk djrs Fks fd mu fnuksa mudh rch;r esa cgqr t+ksjksa dh vken Fkh vkSj rjg&rjg ds et+kehu ¼fo"k; oLrq½ lw> jgs FksA ml nkSjku dk dyke dqN rks muds t+sgu ls mrj x;k] tks cp x;k og lc nLrs&lck esa fuEukafdr esa lekfo"V gS % 3- rjgh eq'kk;js esa 'ksj dh ,d iafDr nh tkrh gS ftldh t+ehu vkSj ot+u esa] d+kfQ+;k jnhQ+ ds eqrkfcd+ x+t+y lqukuh gksrh gSA x+Sj&rjgh eq'kk;js esa 'kk;j dks Lora=krk gS fd dSlh Hkh x+t+y lquk;sA
1- erk&,&ykSgks&d+ye 2- nkeus&;wlqQ+ 3- rkSd+ks&nkj dk ekSle ¼igyk fgLlk½ 4- rsjk teky fuxkgksa esa ysus mV~Bk gwa 5- rqe vk;s gks u 'kcs&bart+kj x+qt+jh gS 6- rqEgkjh ;kn ds tc t+[+e Hkjus yxrs gSa 7- 'kQ+d+ dh jk[k esa ty cq> x;k flrkjk&,&'kke dqN dyke ,slk Hkh gS tks flQ+Z lhuk&c&lhuk py ldrk gS] vkSj ftlls Q+St+ lkgc flQ+Z fo'ks"k nksLrksa dks uokt+rs gSaA mudh 'kk;jh dk nwljk jax gSnjkckn dk gSA ;gha gesa gj rjg dk ftLekuh vkjke feyk] tks tsy esa eqefdu gks ldrk gS] e;Llj Fkk % ^xks'ks esa d+Q+l ds eq>s vkjke cgqr gSA* dh lh gkyr Fkh fd ckgjh vkjke o vklkb'k ds insZ esa gt+kjksa gljrksa dk [+kwu vkSj yk[kksa reUukvksa dk d+fczLrku FkkA gekjs f[k+ykQ+ dbZ vkijkfèkd èkkjk,a ,slh yxh gqbZ Fkha ftudh lt+k ekSr FkhA blds lkFk viuh lQ+kbZ is'k djus dh lgwyrsa cgqr gn rd gesa feyh gqbZ ugha FkhA ysfdu geus le> j[kk Fkk fd nj c;kcka xj c'kkSd+ks&dkck [k+kgh t+n d+ne ljt+fu'kgk xj dqun [k+kjs&eqx+hyka x+e e[+kwjA ¼vxj dkcs ¼b"V½ dh tqLrtw esa rw chgM+ esa d+ne j[ks vkSj vxj ,sls esa ccwy ds dkaVs rq>s ¼pqHkdj½ psrkouh nsa rks bu dfBukb;ksa ls ijs'kku u gks tkukA½ vkSj oD+rh rkSj ij 'kksj&'kjkcs] gk&vks&gw] Xkkyh&xykSt ds t+fj;s vkus okys [k+rjksa dh vkgV dks nck;s gq, FksA Ms<+&nks cjl rd gekjh ckrphr dk fo"k; flQ+Z ^Q+rsg* ¼fot;½ jgkA eq>s ;kn ugha iM+rk fd esjs lkeus fdlh us dHkh f'kdLr dk ft+Ø fd;k gksA ge le>rs Fks fd ,slk ft+Ø ,d ckj 'kq: gks x;k rks ,sls ugha #dsxkA ge Q+St+ ds ml e'kgwj mnkgj.k ij vey dj jgs Fks fd tc cpko dh lwjr u jgs rks èkkok cksy nksA pqukaps 'kq: fnu ls ge vnkyr ds vanj viuh lkeF;Z vuqdwy cksyrs jgsA Q+St+ lkgc us blesa cgqr de fgLlk fy;kA ysfdu gesa jksdk Hkh ughaA os viuk tks'k vkSj cycyk viuh 'kk;jh esa t+kfgj dj fy;k djrs Fks % fQj g'kz ds lkeka4
gq, ,okus&gol5 esa
cSBs gSa x+foy&vn~y6 ] xqugxkj [kM+s gSa gka tqesZ oQ+k nsf[k, fdl&fdl is gks lkfcr oks lkjs [k+rkdkj7
ljs&nkj8 [kM+s gSa
---- --- ---
4- d;ker dh rS;kfj;ka 5- ykyklk dk Hkou 6- U;k; okys 7- eqftZe 8- lwyh p<+us dks rS;kj u;k iFk vDVwcj&fnlacj % 2010 @ 41
- gh tquwa dk] ;gh rkSd+ks&nkj9
dk ekSle
- gh gS tcz10 ;gh bf[+r;kj11 dk ekSle
d+Q+l gS cl esa rqEgkjs] rqEgkjs cl esa ugha peu esa vkfr'ks&xqy ds fu[kkj dk ekSle cyk ls geus u ns[kk rks vkSj ns[ksaxs Q+jksx+s&xqy'kuks&lkSrs>+kj12 dk ekSle gqbZ gS gt+jrs&uklsg13 ls xq¶+rxw ftl 'kc14 oks 'kc t+:j ljs&dw,&;kj15 xqt+jh gS
---- --- ---
gekjs ne ls gS dw,&tquwa16 esa vc Hkh f[k+ty17 vck&,&'ks[k+ks&d+ck,&vehjks&rkt+&'kgh18 geha ls lqUurs&ealwjks&d+Sl19 ft+ank gS geha ls ckd+h gS xqy&nkeuh&vksdt&dqygh20
---- --- ---
,s [k+kd u'khuks21 mB cSBks] oks oD+r d+jhc vk igqapk gS tc r[+r fxjk;s tk;saxs] tc rkt mNkys tk;saxsA
---- --- ---
bTt+s & vgys & flre22 dh ckr djks b'd+ ds ne&d+ne dh ckr djks ns[kus okys ns[ksaxs fd nLrs&lck ds nwljs fgLls esa tks'kks&[k+jks'k dk og vkye ugha gS tks igys vkèks fgLls esa gSA bldh ,d otg rks ;g gks ldrh gS fd dqN le; eqd+nes dh lquokbZ gks pqdus ds ckn gesa ;g mEehn gks pyh Fkh fd vxj vnkyr dh dkjZokbZ esa fnypLih ysa rks 'kk;n cgrjh dh 9- Qkalh vkSj lwyh 10- neu 11- izHkqrk 12- cgkj vkSj cqycqyksa ds pgpgs 13- mins'k nsus okyk 14- jkr 15- izs;lh dh xyh ds ikl ls 16- nhokuxh dh xyh 17- 'kfe±nxh 18- èkeZxq# vkSj èkuoku dh os'kHkw"kk vkSj ckn'kkgksa dk rkt ¼tks èkkfeZd] lkekftd vkSj jktuhfrd opZLo ds |ksrd gSa½ 19- ealwj vkSj etuwa dh ijaijk ftUgksaus vius è;s; ds fy, tku nhA 20- nkeu dks Qwyksa ls Hkjuk vkSj frjNh Vksih j[kuk] vFkkZr egjckuh vkSj vkRelEeku 21- t+ehu ij cSBus okys 22- vR;kpkfj;ksa dh ukdkeh o etcwjh 42 @ u;k iFk vDVwcj&fnlacj % 2010 dksbZ lwjr fudy vk;sA blfy, lksp&fopkj us nhokuxh dh txg ys yh FkhA bldh nwljh otg muds HkkbZ dh nq[kn ekSr FkhA os gSnjkckn muls feyus vk;s Fks vkSj vius ,d :gkuh is'kok dh rjQ+ ls mudh fjgkbZ dh [+kq'k[k+cjh yk;s FksA vHkh gSnjkckn esa gh Fks fd 18 tqykbZ 1952 bZ- dh lqcg dks uekt+ i<+rs gq, bl nqfu;k ls dwp dj x;sA Q+St+ lkgc dks bruk lnek gqvk fd eghuksa rd uhe&eqnkZ gkyr esa jgsA ,d fnu rks pkjikbZ ls mrjrs gq, csgks'k gksdj Q+'kZ ij fxj iM+sA vkokt+ lqudj eSa vkSj vrk Hkkxs&Hkkxs vk;s vkSj t+ehu ls mBkdj fcLrj ij fyVk;kA ;g ?kko vHkh rd Hkjk ugha gS] ;|fi mUgksaus viuh vknr ds vuqlkj mls ^dSeq¶+ykt* dj fy;k gSA Q+St+ lkgc dh ^dSeq¶+ykt* djus dh vknr Hkh vthc gSA dbZ ckj ,slk gqvk fd flxzsV [+kRe gks x;h ysfdu blds ctk; fd lkfFk;ksa ls ekax ysa] csd+jkjh nwj djus ds fy, vgkrs ds pDdj dkVus 'kq: dj fn;sA bl csd+jkjh dks igpkuus esa gesa dkQ+h le; yxkA mudks fNidkfy;ksa ls cgqr f?ku vkrh Fkh] esjk [k+;ky gS] Mjrs FksA ,d fnu ge lc cjkens esa pkjikb;ka Mkydj lksus dh rS;kjh esa Fks fd Q+St+ lkgc us vpkud mBdj bèkj&mèkj pDdj dkVus 'kq: dj fn;sA vrk dh pkjikbZ ikl gh FkhA mlus lkspk fd nky esa dqN dkyk gSA gkFk dh rjQ+ ns[kk rks flxzsV lqyx jgk FkkA Q+St+ lkgc dh ut+jksa dk ihNk fd;kA ns[kk fd mudh ut+jsa ckj&ckj Nr dh rjQ+ mB jgh FkhaA os pkjikbZ ds ikl vkrs Fks vkSj vkxs fudy tkrs Fks] vkSj ?kwe dj fQj ;gh fØ;k nqgjkrs FksA vrk us fNidyh dks ns[k fy;k vkSj mBdj Q+St+ lkgc dh pkjikbZ ,d rjQ+ dj nhA rhljk jax djkph dk gSA tgka Q+St+ lkgc nks eghus ds fy, BgjsA njvly ;g jax nwljs vkSj pkSFks jax dh njfe;kuh dM+h gSA djkph vLirky esa Q+St+ lkgc tsy ds eqd+kcys t+jk vkt+kn ekgkSy esa jgsA nksLrksa ds lkFk fcuk fdlh ijs'kkuh ds eqykd+kr gks tk;k djrh FkhA ogka mUgsa bUgha otgksa ls vkt+knh dh userksa dk cM+h rhozrk ls ,glkl gqvkA bl 'knhn ,glkl ds ckn tc os eaVxksejh vk;s rks d+Sn dk ,glkl Hkh f'kír idM+ x;k vkSj mudh 'kk;jh esa t+kfgj gqvkA blhfy, mUgksaus djkph vkSj eaVxksejh esa fy[kh gqbZ x+t+yksa vkSj uT+eksa ds ladyu dk uke ft+ankaukek ¼tsy&o`rkar½ izLrkfor fd;k FkkA djkph esa Q+St+ lkgc us viuh 'kkgdkj uT+e ^eqykd+kr* fy[khA bl uT+e dk igyk can vDVwcj 1953 esa eaVxksejh esa vkdj iwjk gqvk Fkk] vkSj nwljk vkSj rhljk uoacj esaA bls djkph esa fy[kh bl fy, crk jgk gwa fd os blds ^tjklhe* ¼dhVk.kq½ djkph ls yk;s FksA bu uT+e esa ml fcu ty eNyh dh rM+i gS ftl ij tkuysok eg:eh ¼oafpr gksus½ ds ckn dqN ikuh fNM+d fn;k x;k gks vkSj oD+rh lqdwu ds ckotwn mls bl ckr dk f'kír ls ,glkl gks fd FkksM+k lk ikuh tks feyk gS] lw[kus okyk gSA ;g uT+e nnZ dh bargkbZ f'kír ds lkFk bargkbZ lqdwu Hkh n'kkZrh gSA blesa bZeku o ;d+hu dh txexkgV Hkh gS] blesa bulkuh gkSlys] bjkns vkSj cqf)eÙkk dk jkx Hkh xk;k x;k gSA ,slk gkSlyk] vT+e vkSj fgder tks flQ+Z vkt ds bulku dh fof'k"Vrk gS] tks èkjrh ekrk ij csgn et+cwrh ls d+ne tekdj rkjksa ij deansa Qsad jgk gS vkSj pkan ij 'kc[+kwu ¼èkkok½ ekjus dh fQ+Ø esa gS( tks ikuh] gok] nfj;k] leanj] fctyh] ckfj'k vkSj czãkaM dh nwljh ifj;ksa vkSj nsoksa ij fot; ik pqdk gS] ;k ikus okyk gS( ftlds lSdM+ksa] gt+kjksa lkyksa ds nq[kksa vkSj t+[+eksa ds <sj vkt fØ;k vkSj Å"ek dk lzksr cus gq, gSaA u;k iFk vDVwcj&fnlacj % 2010 @ 43 Q+St+ lkgc dh tsy dh 'kk;jh dk pkSFkk jax eaVxksejh dk gSA ;gka gesa yxHkx gSnjkckn dh lh lgwyrsa feyh gqbZ FkhaA tsy ds izcaèkd Hkh vPNs fny okys Fks tks tsy ds vuq'kklu fcYdqy Hkh u rksM+us ds ckotwn gekjs fny ugha VwVus nsrs FksA muesa ls dbZ vPNh #fp;ka j[krs Fks tks gekjs lkFk vnch NsM+NkM+ tkjh j[krs FksA ,d lkgc dks rks ,slk <ax vkrk Fkk fd muds vkus ds pan gh iyksa ckn Q+St+ lkgc rwrh dh rjg pgdus yxrs Fks vkSj ekywe gksrk Fkk fd nq'euksa us mu ij de cksyus dk cl bYt+ke gh yxk;k gSA bu lkgc dks fpjdha ls ysdj fet+kZ x+kfyc rd lc 'kk;jksa ds dqN u dqN Hkys cqjs 'ksj ;kn Fks vkSj mUgksaus rhFkZjke Q+hjkst+iqjh ds ukWosyksa ls ysdj lvknr glu eaVks dh dgkfu;ksa rd lc dqN i<+ j[kk FkkA os vkrs gh lyke nqvk ds ckn 'kq: gks tkrs vkSj Q+St+ lkgc dk è;ku vkÑ"V u gksus dh ijokg fd;s cx+Sj ;gka ls ogka] ogka ls dgha vkSj] dqN u dqN dgrs jgrsA ;gka rd fd Q+St+ dh dksbZ ,slh jx fNM+ tkrh fd X+kqLls esa ;k ekSt esa vkdj muls dqN dgs fcuk u jgk tkrkA eaVxksejh esa Q+St+ lkgc dks viuh chch] cfPp;ksa vkSj nwljs nksLrksa&fj'rsnkjksa ls eqykd+kr esa Hkh vklkfu;ka FkhaA fny cgykus ds fy, geus vius vgkrs ds vanj ,d Qqyokjh Hkh cuk yh Fkh ftldk flyflyk c<+rs&c<+rs lkjs tsy esa QSy x;k Fkk] cfYd tsy ds ckgj Hkh yksxksa dks Qwyksa dh iuhjh eqgS;k dh tkrh FkhA Q+St+ dks Qwyksa dk 'kkSd+ bruk Fkk fd mUgksaus foyk;r ls viuh [+kq'knkeu ¼lkl½ vkSj ,d nksLr ds }kjk Qwyksa ds cht eaxok;sA Qwy ,d c<+us] Qyus&Qwyus dh pht+ gSA muls tsy esa [+kwc th cgyrk gS] vkSj dksbZ u dksbZ u;h lwjr iSnk gks tkrh gSA blds vykok vkneh dS+n dk ,d&,d fnu fxuus ds ctk; ekSle fxuus yxrk gS] tks yach ls yach d+Sn esa Hkh maxfy;ksa ij fxus tk ldrs gSaA lkFk gh ut+jsa Hkfo"; ij jgrh gSa fd vkus okys ekSle esa Qwy yxkus ds fy, D;k&D;k cankscLr djuk gS vkSj fiNyh x+yfr;ksa dks nksgjkus ls cpus dh D;k lwjr gSA ysfdu bu lc ckrksa ds ckotwn eaVxksejh esa Q+St+ lkgc dks d+Sn dk cgqr 'knhn ,glkl FkkA bldh ,d otg rks ;g Fkh fd gSnjkckn ls rCnhyh ij ;kjksa nksLrksa ls tqnkbZ dk d+yd+ Fkk ,d rjg ls Hkjk ?kj mtM+ x;k FkkA nwljh otg eSa c;ku dj pqdk gwa fd djkph esa t+jk vfèkd vkt+knh dh Q+t+k ds ckn d+Sn dk cks> T+;knk d"Vizn gks x;k FkkA lc ls cM+h otg 'kk;n ;g Fkh fd fudV Hkfo"; esa fjgk gks tkus dh mEehn dk tks uUgk lk fpjkx+ vc rd tyrk jgk Fkk] og vc [k+keks'k gks pqdk Fkk] vkSj 'kq:&'kq: dh d+Sns&rUgkbZ dk jax ,d gn rd okil vk x;k FkkA nnksZ&x+e dk rwQ+ku meM+ iM+k FkkA vc os tsy dh nhokjksa] njokt+ksa] lyk[kksa] igjsnkjksa dks x+kSj ls ns[kus yxs FksA igys ckgj dh nqfu;k ds lkFk dYiuk dk lhèkk lacaèk Fkk] vc mls Hkh tsy dh nhokjsa Qkan dj vanj vkuk&tkuk iM+rk Fkk % ge vgys&d+Q+l23 rUgk Hkh ugha] gj jkst+ ulhes&lqCgs oru24
- knksa ls eqvÙkj25 vkrh gS] v'dksa ls equOoj26 tkrh gSA
23- fiat+js ds d+Snh 24- oru dh lqcg ds BaMh gok 25- lqxafèkr 26- jkS'ku] pednkj 44 @ u;k iFk vDVwcj&fnlacj % 2010 bl 'ksj esa ulhes&lqCgs&oru dh nhokjksa dks Qkanus dh ljljkgV lkQ lquk;h ns jgh gS vkSj mldk fgtzka&ulhc ¼ftlds Hkkx esa fcNksg gS½ d+Snh dks tsy okyksa dh ut+jksa ls cp cpkdj ;knksa dk rksgQ+k nsuk vkSj mlds vkalqvksa dh lkSx+kr ys tkuk Hkh ut+j vk jgk gSA tc rd lksguh dke;kch ls fpukc ikj djds eghoky ls fey fy;k djrh Fkh] ml oD+r rd mlds t+gu esa fpukc dh ygjksa vkSj ?kM+s ds iq[+rkiu dh ,d vn`"V dYiuk FkhA mldk lkjk è;ku eghoky ij dsafnzr jgrk Fkk fd og dSlk gksxk] dSls feysxk vkSj tkrs oD+r fny ij D;k xqt+jsxhA tc og dPps ?kM+s dh cnkSyr nfj;k esa Mwcus yxh] ml oD+r mldh ut+jsa ;kj dh dqfV;k ij FkhaA ysfdu dksbZ oD+r ,slk t+:j vk;k gksxk tc iwjh rhozrk ds lkFk mls nfj;k dh gLrh dk ,glkl gqvk gksxk] vkSj dPps ?kM+s dh fpduh feêh gkFkksa esa eglwl djds iDdk ?kM+k Hkh ;kn vk;k gksxkA vkSj tc og eghoky dh [k+kfrj viuh tku cpkus ds fy, gkFk&ikao ekj jgh gksxh rks ,d yEgs ds fy, eghoky dk è;ku Hkh t+gu ls mrj x;k gksxkA gSnjkckn ds d+;ke ds nkSjku Q+St+ dh dYiuk ckgj dh nqfu;k ds lkFk cgqr et+cwrh ds lkFk teh jghA tsy dh ft+anxh us ;g fj'rk vkSj Hkh et+cwr dj fn;k FkkA nLrs&lck ds var esa Q+St+ lkgc dh nks lqanj uT+esa ^ft+anka dh ,d 'kke* vkSj ^ft+anka dh ,d lqcg* bldh xokg gSA ;gka mUgksaus tsy ds Mjkous nSR; dh Hk;kogrk dk iwjk&iwjk uD+'kk [khap fn;k gSA ysfdu muds eq[k ij viekutud eqLdqjkgV gS vkSj mUgksaus vkuan&fouksn ds ,sls lzksr fudky fy;s gSa tks tsy ds nSR; dh dk;Zifjfèk ls ckgj gSa % fny ls iSge27 [+k;ky dgrk gS bruh 'khjha28 gS ft+anxh bl iy T+kqYe dk t+gj ?kksyus okys dkejka29 gks ldsaxs vkt u dyA tYok&xkgs&folky30 dh 'kE,a31 oks cq>k Hkh pqds vxj rks D;k\ pkan dks xqy djsa rks ge tkusaA --- --- --- --- xks;k fQj [+okc ls csnkj gq, nq'eus&tka laxks&Q+kSykn ls <kys gq, ftUukrs&fxjka32 ftuds paxqy esa 'kcks&jkst+ gSa Q+fj;kn&dquka33 esjs csdkj 'kcks&jkst+ dh ukT+kqd ifj;kaA 27- yxkrkj 28- ehBh 29- dke;kc 30- feyu dh txg 31- nhid@'kek 32- Hkkjh nSR; 33- jksrs Q+fj;kn djrs gq,
vius 'kgiwj34 dh jg ns[k jgh gSa ;s vlhj35
ftlds rdZ'k esa gSa mEehn ds tyrs gq, rhj
djkph ds dyke ds ckn ;s frfyLe VwV x;k vkSj eaVxksejh esa tsy[k+kuk viuh iwjh Hk;kogrk ds lkFk
- c: vk x;kA pqukaps muds nnsZ&fny us nqfu;k Hkj ds vlhjksa ds jatks&x+e dks vius vanj leks fy;k
FkkA dhfu;k ds ckf'kanksa ij tura=k vkSj vkt+knh ds nkosnkjksa ds gkFkksa vlhe vR;kpkj vkSj muds vius oru dh dfBukb;ka Q+St+ lkgc ds fy, ân;fonkjd cuh gqbZ FkhaA os vÝ+hd+h vkSjrksa ds uqek;ka dkjukeksa ls fo'ks"kr% izHkkfor FksA dbZ ckj ,slk eglwl gksrk Fkk fd os ikfdLrkuh ugha jgs] vQ+zhd+h cu x;s gSaA mudh uT+e ^vk tkvks ,fQ+zd+k* bldh |ksrd gSA ^ge tks rkjhd jkgksa esa ekjs x;s* jkst+scxZ tksM+s dh csfelky dqckZuh ls izHkkfor gksdj fy[kh x;hA
- gka og ejrs ne rd balkfu;r ds Hkfo";] bad+ykc dk eqgCcr] ;k muds lkFk viuh oQ+knkjh
trykrs jgrs gSaA bl uT+e dh lkoZHkkSfedrk vthc+ks&x+jhc gSA blus lfn;ksa dks ikVdj gj t+ekus vkSj gt+kjksa ehy dh nwjh r; djds] gj eqYd ds 'kghnksa dks ,d iafDr esa [kM+k dj fn;k gSA ;g uT+e dcZyk] Iyklh] Jhjaxkiêe] fen~dh] >kalh] tfy;kaokyk] fd+Llk[k+kuh] LVkfyuxzkn] eyk;k] dhfu;k] dksfj;k] fryaxkuk] ejkd'k] R;wful] lHkh ls tqM+h ekywe gksrh gS] vkSj rsgjku] djkph vkSj <kdk dh lM+dksa ij ne rksM+rs Nk=k] ejkd'k] R;wful] dhfu;k vkSj eyk;k ds [+kwu esa yFkiFk eqtkfgn] lc ,d gh mRlkgoèkZd ukjk nksgjkrs lquk;h nsrs gSa % rsjs dwps ls pqudj gekjs vyke36 vkSj fudysaxs mkkd+37 ds d+kfQ+ys ftudh jkgs&ryc38 ls gekjs d+ne eq[+rlj39 dj pys nnZ ds Q+klysA ge eaVxksejh esa gh Fks fd bZjkuh ns'kizsfe;ksa dks tsy esa xksyh dk fu'kkuk cukus dk foLr`r o`Ùkkar vejhdh if=kdk Vkbe esa NikA lkFk gh mudh d+Ryxkg esa yh x;h rLohj Hkh FkhA lknh vkSj gkfQ+t+ ds oru ls Q+St+ lkgc dks [k+kl eqgCcr gSA dbZ fnu cspSu jgs vkSj var esa mudh cspSuh ^vkf[k+jh jkr* ds :i esa t+kfgj gqbZA ;g uT+e ml fopkj vkSj dYiuk dh rtqZekuh djrh gS tks d+Snh ds t+gu esa ml jkr xqt+jrs gSa ftldh lqcg dks mls 'kghn gksuk gksrk gSA balkfu;r dh jkg esa gq, [+kwu ds dfj'es nsf[k;s fd 'kghn dgka&dgka vkSj fdl&fdl jax esa u;s :i èkj ysrs gSa % dq'rxkus&[k+atjs&rlyhe jk gj t+cka vt+ xS+c&tkus&nhxj vLr 34- i{kh ds MSus] fpfM+;k ds ia[k 35- d+Snh 36- >aMk] ijpe 37- izseh 38- pkgr dk jkLrk 39- NksVk 46 @ u;k iFk vDVwcj&fnlacj % 2010 ¼dq+cwfy;r ds [k+atj ls d+Ry gksus okyksa dks x+Sc ls vkus okyh gj ckr ,d vkSj tku feyus dh rjg gSA½ Q+St+ lkgc dh ml t+ekus dh ekufld fLFkfr dh iwjh&iwjh rtqZekuh vxj dksbZ uT+e djrh gS rks og ^njhpk* gSA eaVxksejh ls nkarksa ds bykt ds flyflys esa dksbZ rhu lIrkg ds fy, ekpZ 1954 esa gesa ykgkSj vkuk iM+kA ykgkSj ls Q+St+ lkgc dks dq+ckZu gks tkus dh gn rd eqgCcr gSA os ykgkSj vkuk fcYdqy ilan ugha djrs FksA dgrs Fks] fny ij cks> iM+sxkA ;gka vkdj ykgkSj dk ikuh fi;k] mldh Q+t+k esa lkal yh] ykgkSj dh vkokt+sa lquha vkSj ykgkSj ds dbZ xkeksa] ek>ksa ls] [k+Res&uowcr dh rgjhd ds flyflys esa tsy vk;s gq, Fks] eqykd+kr gqbZ vkSj og fnynkst+ uT+e ^,s jkS'kfu;ksa ds 'kgj* lkeus vk;h ftl ij dksbZ 'kgj ftruk Hkh xoZ djs de gSA Q+St+ lkgc ds fny esa ykgkSj vkSj ykgkSj okyksa ds izse dk tks'k ,d ckj igys Hkh meM+ iM+k FkkA tc 1953 esa ykgkSj ds xyh&dwps mlds csVksa ds [+kwu ls jaxhu gks x;s FksA ^ykgkSj ds uke* vHkh rd vèkwjh gSA eaVxksejh esa mudh 'kk;jh ds ckjs esa esjh vkSj mudh dkQ+h cglsa gqvk djrh FkhaA eSa dksbZ u dksbZ ckr dgrk jgrk Fkk vkSj mudks tokc fn;s cx+Sj pkjk u FkkA 'kk;j vkSj ek;j okyk ekeyk FkkA Q+jkjh dk jkLrk ,d gh Fkk fd ljdkj ds vkxs flj >qdkdj eq>ls futkr ikrsA bldk loky gh iSnk ugha gksrk FkkA fygkt+k ejrk D;k u djrkA vktdy Hkh et+kd+ esa dgk djrs gSa fd ft+ankaukek ds ft+ankaukek gksus esa rqEgkjh ^ogkfc;r* dks Hkh n[k+y gSA Q+St+ dh tsy dh 'kk;jh esa oru dh eqgCcr ds p'es gj rjQ+ QwV jgs gSaA os txg&txg vius ns'k vkSj ns'kokfl;ksa dh [k+Lrkgkyh] d+kSe ds vkRelEeku ds lLrs gksus] yksxksa dh x+jhch] t+gkyr] Hkw[k vkSj x+e dks ns[k&ns[kdj cqjh rjg rM+i jgs gSa % fulkj eSa rsjh xfy;ksa ds ,s oru fd tgka pyh gS jLe fd dksbZ u lj mBkds pys tks dksbZ pkgus okyk rokQ+ dks fudys ut+j pqjkds pys] ftLeks&tka cpkds pys dbZ ckj dqN vkSj ugha curk rks [k+;kyh iqyko idkus yxrs gSa vkSj tsy dh dky&dksBjh esa cSBdj Hkh èkwy&èkwlfjr] ijs'kkagky ySyk&,&oru dks cuk laojk ns[kuk pkgrs gSa % cq>k tks jkst+us&ft+anka40 rks fny ;s le>k gS fd rsjh ekax flrkjksa ls Hkj x;h gksxhA ped mBs gSa lykfly41 rks geus tkuk gS] fd vc lgj rsjs #[k+ ij fc[kj x;h gksxhA 40- tsy dk jkS'kunku 41- csfM+;k
oru dh eqgCcr bl rjg muds jkse&jkse esa cl x;h gS fd vc mldks nwljh eqgCcrksa ls vyx djds
ns[kuk ukeqefdu gks x;k gS %
pkgk gS blh jax esa ySyk&,&oru dks
rM+ik gS blh rkSj ls fny] mldh yxu dks
<wa<+h gS ;qa gh 'kSd+ us vklkb'ks&eaft+y42
- [+lkj43 ds [k+e esa] dHkh dkdqy44 dh f'kdu45 esaA
tsy esa u tkus D;k ckr Fkh fd ge lcdk ns'kizse t+ksjksa ij FkkA lqcg&'kke ikfdLrku dk ft+Ø gksrk jgrk FkkA csclh us fet+ktksa esa fpM+fpM+kiu iSnk dj fn;k FkkA dHkh csgn xq+Llk vkrk vkSj dHkh jksus dks th pkgrk FkkA gkFk&iSj rks ukdke dj fn;s x;s Fks ysfdu fnyks&tka ij vkQ+r vk;h gqbZ FkhA 1951 esa tc fganqLrku ds ikfdLrku dh rjQ+ vkØe.k ds bjknksa dh [k+cjsa Niha rks geesa ls mu vQ+ljksa us tks vc rd ekT+kwy ugha fd;s x;s Fks] gqdwer dks n[k+kZLr nh fd ikfdLrku dh fgQ+kt+r esa gedks Hkh tku yM+kus dh btkt+r nh tk;s] [+kkl rkSj ij tcfd gj ,d dks d'ehj esa fganqLrkuh Q+kStksa ls yM+us dk rt#ck gSA n[k+kZLr esa Li"V dj fn;k x;k Fkk fd gekjk ed+ln eqd+nes ls tku NqM+kus dk ughaA ge xouZesaV ls blds flok dqN ugha pkgrs Fks fd gaxkeh gkykr ds nkSjku eqd+nes dks eqYroh dj fn;k tk;sA ;g dksbZ LVaV Hkh ugha Fkk] blfy, fd gesa ekywe Fkk fd fganqLrkuh Q+kStksa ds daèkksa ls daèkk feyk;s fganw lHkkbZ vkSj vdkyh nfjans Hkh gksaxs] vkSj ex+fjch ikfdLrku ls Hkkxus dk dksbZ jkLrk Hkh ugha FkkA gekjh n[k+kZLr jí dj nh x;hA cgjgky] t+ekuk [kjs&[kksVs dh reht+ tYn
- k nsj ls dj gh ysxk %
uth+jh dk'k cuqekbZ fd nj lkx+j p e;nkjh fd is'ks&t+kfgnka d+nzs&xqugxkjka 'kqog iSnk ¼,s uth+jh dk'k ;g fn[kk;h nsrk fd rsjs I;kys esa fdruh 'kjkc gSA xqukgxkjksa dh d+nz o vgfe;r rks èkeZ dk ikyu djus okyksa ds lkeus gh iSnk gksrh gS½ fganqLrku vkSj ikfdLrku dk ft+d+ py fudyk gSA tsy esa Q+St+ lkgc vDlj vius fganqLrkuh nksLrksa dks ;kn fd;k djrs FksA muesa dbZ ,d ykgkSj ds jgus okys FksA dbZ vU; o"kks± rd iatkc esa jg pqds FksA ekSykuk gljr eksgkuh] j'khn tgka] lkfgct+knk egewnT+t+Q+j] vljk#y gd+ etkt+] e[+nwe eqghmíhu] vyh ljnkj tkQ+jh] iafMr gfjpan v[+rj] misanzukFk v'd vkSj mudh csxe] eqYd jkt vkuan] Ñ".k panj] MkDVj v'kjQ+] tks'k eyhgkcknh] fQ+jkd+ xksj[kiqjh vkSj nwljs dbZ yksxksa dk ft+Ø eSaus bruh ckj lquk gS fd eglwl djrk gwa fd muds lkFk ,d vlsZ ls tku igpku gS] gkykafd muesa ls eSa fdlh ,d dks Hkh futh rkSj ij ugha tkurkA lTtkn t+ghj vkSj Q+St+ lkgc bdës gks tkrs Fks 42- eaft+y ij igqapus ls feyus okyk vkjke 43- xky 44- T+kqYQ+ 45- flyoV 48 @ u;k iFk vDVwcj&fnlacj % 2010 rks fQj ckrsa gh vDlj bu yksxksa ds ckjs esa gqvk djrh FkhaA 1947 bZ- ds naxksa dk t+ekuk Q+St+ lkgc us ykgkSj esa xqt+kjk FkkA mUgha fnuksa os iwohZ iatkc Hkh gks vk;s FksA nksuksa rjQ+ ds cgknqjksa vkSj 'kwj ohjksa us ftl rjg balkfu;r dks t+yhy fd;k Fkk] mldk vka[kksa ns[kk gky lquk;k djrs FksA c;ku djrs&djrs fny Hkj vkrk vkSj #d tkrsA esjs [k+;ky esa os brus cM+s iSekus ij bl gkSyukd x`g&;q) dks ns[kus ij etcwj jgs gSa fd 'kk;jh esa mldks ykus dh fgEer gh ugha gqbZA gks ldrk gS fd oD+r feyus ij os ukWosy ;k Mªkes ds t+fj;s iatkc dh bl VªSftMh dks c;ku djsaA iatkc dh ljt+ehu ;wa rks gt+kjksa lkyksa ls gekykojksa ds geyksa vkSj cckZnh dk f'kdkj jgh gSA 'kk;n gh ;gka dh dksbZ uLy ,slh xqt+jh gksxh ftlus fons'kh ?kksM+ksa ds lqeksa dh Vki u lquh gksA ysfdu bu geykojksa esa ls vDlj cxwys dh rjg vkrs Fks vkSj vkaèkh dh rjg xqt+j tkrs FksA ryokj ds lk;s rys thus dk vieku dqN de ugha gksrk] ysfdu 1947 bZ- esa ftl rjg iatkfc;ksa us iatkfc;ksa dks t+yhyks [+okj fd;k] reke geykojksa us fey dj Hkh ugha fd;k gksxkA ve`rk izhre ds 'kCnksa esa % ¼;gka ,d iatkch x+t+y gS ftldk igyk 'ksj gS %½ vt vD[kka okfjl 'kkg uwa fdrs d+czka foPpksa cksy rs vkt fdrkcs&b'd+ nk vxyk od+kZ [kksy--- Q+St+ lkgc ikfdLrku esa dbZ yksxksa ds bl fopkj ls cgqr nq[kh gksrs Fks fd gj og pht+ ftldk lacaèk fganqLrku ls Hkh gS] ikfdLrku ds fy, t+gjs&gykgy gSA jsfM;ks ij bd+cky ds dyke] d+Ookfy;ksa vkSj fQ+Yeh xkuksa ds flok dqN lquus esa ugha vkrkA pqukaps ge tsy okyksa ls cpcpkdj fganksLrkuh jsfM;ks LVs'ku ls vius ns'k ds jkx lquk djrs FksA fdlh tkfgy us [+kqn gh d+kSeh tks'k esa vkdj vehj [+kqljks] rkulsu] okftn vyh 'kkg] vCnqydjhe [k+ka] Q+S;kt+ [+kka vkSj nwljs chfl;ksa mLrknksa vkSj ukeojksa ls ikfdLrku dk fj'rk rksM+us dks gh ns'k izse le> fy;k FkkA eqYdksa dh jktuhfrd vkSj vkfFkZd lhek,a oD+r ds rd+kt+ksa ds vuqlkj cnyrh jgrh gSaA ysfdu ,d gh Hkw[kaM dh rgt+hc] Hkk"kk] lkfgR;] dyk] laxhr] LFkkiR; vkSj nwljs lkaLÑfrd ewY;ksa dk feJ.k lSdM+ksa] gt+kjksa lkyksa dh dksf'k'kksa ds ckn rS;kj gksrk gS vkSj mlds cqfu;knh rRoksa esa rCnhyh vklku ugha gksrhA ikfdLrku vkSj fganqLrku esa fl;klh èkhaxkeq'rh dSlk Hkh :i ys ys] fnYyh] y[kuÅ] gSnjkckn vkSj ykgkSj dh xaxk&teuh rgt+hcsa viuh txg d+k;e jgsaxh vkSj ehj vkSj x+kfyc esa lcdk lk>k jgsxkA fganqLrkuh vkSj ikfdLrkuh rgt+hcksa ds nj[+rksa dh tM+sa eksgutksnM+ks] x;k] g"kZiqj] xkaèkkj] r{kf'kyk] eFkqjk] cukjl] vatrk] vtesj] dq+rqcehukj] rktegy] tkek&efLtn] 'kkyhekj gj txg QSyh gqbZ gSaA 'kk[k+ksa esa dgha lejd+an o cq[+kkjk vkSj dbZ vjc o vte ¼bZjku½ ls vk;s gq, iScan viuh cgkj fn[kk jgs gSa vkSj dgha izkphu Mkysa T+;ksa dh R;ksa d+k;e gSaA nwljs dh ft+n esa tM+ksa dks uqd+lku igqapkuk] ;k 'kk[k+ksa dh uksp [klksV djuk vius ikao ij vki dqYgkM+h ekjuk gSA Q+St+ lkgc mu balkfu;r uokt+ ijaijkvksa ls tqM+s gSa tks gt+kjksa lkyksa ls nksuksa eqYdksa dh ljt+ehu dh fo'ks"krk jgh gSaA os mlh flyflys dh dM+h gSa ftls vehj [+kqljks] HkDr dchj] [+oktk eqbZuqíhu fp'rh] ckck ukud] ckck Q+jhn] vcqy QT+y] Q+St+h] cqYgs 'kkg] okfjl 'kkg] 'kkg vCnqy yrhQ+ fHkVkbZ] jgeku ckck vkSj nwljs cgqr ls cqT+kqZxksa us Q+St+ igqapk;k gSA u;k iFk vDVwcj&fnlacj % 2010 @ 49 gSnjkckn esa mudk i<+us&i<+kus dk flyflyk vtc jaxk&jaxh dk FkkA dksbZ d+qjku ethn vkSj gnhl 'kjhQ+ muls i<+ jgk gS] rks dksbZ lwfQ+;ksa dh jpuk,a] Qq+rwgqy&x+Sc] dq'Q+qy&egtwc] vg;kÅy&mywe ox+Sjg dh ckjhfd;ka le> jgk gSA dksbZ vaxzst+h vkSj ;wjksih; vnc dh my>usa is'k dj jgk gS rks fdlh us ekDlhZ; HkkSfrd }a}okn ds Q+ylQ+s ij cgl 'kq: dj j[kh gSA mnwZ] Q+kjlh vnc rks rfd+;k dyke FkkA gSnjkckn esa geus mudks 'kkfxZn ds jksy esa Hkh ns[kk gSA iks'kuh ds lkFk feydj lTtkn t+ghj ls ge Ý+kalhlh t+cku lh[kk djrs FksA fugk;r ykijokg vkSj dkepksj FksA lS;n lkgc dh mLrknkuk ?kqM+fd;ka vkSj Q+St+ lkgc dh cgkusckft+;ka cgqr et+k nsrh FkhaA esgurd'kksa ls mUgsa [k+kl mYQ+r gSA gSnjkckn esa ,d ckj gekjs vgkrs esa fctyh ds [kaHks dk ¶+;wt+ ty x;kA ,d feL=kh cx+Sj lh<+h ds ogka igqap x;kA ge fryfeykus yxs fd [k+kge[k+k oD+r cckZn djus ds fy, vk x;k gSA mlus [kaHks dks t+jk Bksadk] ctk;k vkSj ;g tk oks tkA lh<+h ds fcuk gh [kaHks ds fljs rd igqap dj vka[k >idrs u;k ¶+;wt yxk vk;kA Q+St+ lkgc nsj rd mlds d+lhns i<+rs jgsA eaVxksejh esa 'kkgth] ,d iksLVeSu] gekjs iklZy ox+Sjg yk;k djrs FksA mudks ns[kdj Q+St+ lkgc dh vka[kksa esa tSlh jkS'kuh vk tk;k djrh Fkh og eSaus de gh ns[kh gSA nksuksa VªsM ;wfu;u ds esacj jg pqds FksA dgk djrs Fks fd fganqLrku ikfdLrku ds elyksa dk gy ,d gh gS fd nksuksa eqYdksa esa esgurd'k vius gd+ gkfly djds vius&vius ckx+hpksa ds ekyh cu tk;saA blds ckn bu eqYdksa ds chp uQ+jr dk t+gj] vkSj mldks iSnk djus okys os elys tks funku pkgrs gSa] ftudh vkM+ esa lkejkth vktdy vius Q+kSyknh iats] orus&vt+ht+ dh jaxksa esa nksckjk iSoLr dj jgs gSa] ;wa x+k;c gks tk;saxs tSls nsoksa&ifj;ksa ds fd+Llksa esa ghjks ds bLe i<+us ij nSR;] Hkwr vkSj nwljh cyk,a iyd >idrs x+k;c gks tkrh gSaA Q+St+ dh 'kk;jh esa ,d fny okys dk tks'k vkSj oyoyk gSA blesa iwjh d+kSe dk fny èkM+d jgk gSA ysfdu irk ugha D;k ckr gS fd mlds fd+oke ¼feJ.k½ esa ikfdLrku ds esgurd'kksa dk eqckjd ilhuk vkSj [+kwu dh xehZ vHkh rd iwjh fed+nkj esa 'kkfey ugha gSA leu o xqykc dks ftl pkgr ls ;kn fd;k gS] mlh pkgr vkSj foLrkj ls ml cngky vkSj cnulhc dk ft+Ø ugha gS ftlus leu vkSj xqykc dks vius ftx+j ds [+kwu ls lhapdj 'kknkc fd;k gS vkSj ftldks gd+ igqaprk gS fd og Hkh bl leu o xqykc dh ut+kdrksa] jax] :i vkSj lqxaèk ls Q+k;nk mBk ldsA mudk fny rks mèkj f[kapk tk jgk gS ysfdu yfX+t+'ks&ik46 esa gSa ikcanh&,&vknkc47 vHkh mudh 'kk;jh dks Mªkbax :eksa] Ldwyksa] dkWystksa ls fudy dj lM+dksa] ckt+kjksa] [ksrksa vkSj dkj[+kkuksa esa vHkh QSyuk gSA os dgk djrs gSa fd ;s pht+ flQ+Z iatkch esa gks ldrh gSA ysfdu eSa le>rk gwa fd ;g mudh ges'kk dh rjg dh fouezrk gS vkSj izkÑfrd fgpfdpkgVA nLrs&lck dh Hkwfedk esa mUgksaus fy[kk gS % 46- ikao dh yM+[kM+kgV 47- ijaijk dh csfM+;ka 50 @ u;k iFk vDVwcj&fnlacj % 2010
- k ;wa dfg, fd 'kk;jh dk dke dsoy eq'kkfgnk ¼losZ{k.k½ gh ugha gS] eqtkfgnk ¼cnyko dk iz;kl½ Hkh
ml ij Q+tZ+ gSA vius bnZfxnZ ds cspSu d+rjksa esa ft+anxh ds ntys ¼unh dk uke½ dk eq'kkfgnk mldh chukbZ ¼n`f"V½ ij gSA mldks nwljksa dks fn[kkuk mldh dykRedrk ij] mlds cgko esa n[k+yvankt+ gksuk] mlds 'kkSd+ dh et+cwrh vkSj [+kwu dh xehZ ij vkSj ;s rhuksa dke yxkrj iz;kl vkSj la?k"kZ pkgrs gSaA vkxs Q+jekrs gSa fd ^bulkuh ft+anxh ds laxfBr la?k"kZ dks le>uk vkSj bl la?k"kZ esa eqefdu gn rd 'kkfey gksuk ft+anxh dk gh rd+kt+k gh ugha] dyk dk Hkh rd+kt+k gSA* ft+ankaukek bl ckr dk xokg gS fd Q+St+ ds eq'kkfgns vkSj eqtkfgns dh rqyuk djsa rks eqtkfgns dk iyM+k Hkkjh gks jgk gS vkSj ;gh bl oD+r mudh dyk dk rd+kt+k Hkh ekywe gksrk gSA vc mudh ut+jsa ykgkSj ds eat+jksa ls mBdj ikfdLrku ds fo'kky eSnkuksa ij iM+us yxh gSa tgka vufxur bulkuuqek feêh ds <sj lfn;ksa ls ,d gh rjg dh èkheh&èkheh gjdr dj jgs gSaA vc bu feêh ds <sjksa dh dejsa dqN lhèkh gks jgh gSa] mudks ml cks> dk ,glkl gks jgk gS tks mUgksaus ;qxksa ls mBk j[kk gS D;ksafd mu ij èkhjs&èkhjs ;g Hksn [kqy jgk gS fd dqN nwljs ns'kksa esa muds HkkbZ&canksa us
- g cks> mrkj fn;k gS vkSj vc os yksx bulku dh egkurk esa cjkcj ds 'kjhd gSaA mudh vka[kksa
esa ,d rjg dk uwj gS D;ksafd os nwj f{kfrt ij thou vkSj 'kfDr dh mBrh&fxjrh] ?kVrh&c<+rh jkS'kuh ns[k jgs gSaA ysfdu ;s yksx fdlh fojg dh ekjh dh rjg] tks vpkud vius fiz;re dks ikl vkrk ns[ks] vHkh rd ytk jgs gSa] 'kjek jgs gSa vkSj viuh nfjnzrk vkSj cngkyh dks fNikuk pkgrs gSaA Q+St+ lkgc dh ut+jsa dkj[k+kuksa esa Hkh ?kql jgh gSa tgka fdlkuksa ds lkFk et+nwj bulku dh jpuk 'kfDr vkSj mldh egkurk dk ikB i<+ jgs gSaA Q+St+ lkgc ;g lc dqN [+kqn gh ugha ns[k jgs gSa] vius ykgkSjh HkkbZ&canksa] ekufld et+nwjh djus okys ys[kdksa] Dydks±] NksVs nqdkunkjksa] odhyksa] Vhpjksa] Nk=kksa] xkeksa vkSj ek>ksa dks Hkh fn[kyk jgs gSa vkSj iqdkj jgs gSa fd thou ds eSnkus&tax esa tks j.k fNM+k gS mlesa èkeZ vkSj vèkeZ ds y'djksa dks igpkuksA ^nfjnzrk] n¶+rj] Hkw[k vkSj x+e* us pkSeq[kh iFkjko djds rqEgkjs lkx+ajs&fny dks VqdM+s&VqdM+s dj fn;k gS vkSj rqEgkjs eku lEeku dks feêh esa feyk fn;k gSA egcwc ds b'd+ dh ijh :ih 'kjkc dk vieku fd;k gSA ysfdu
- knksa ds x+jhckuksa ds jQ+w
ij fny dh xqt+j dc gksrh gS ,d cf[k+;k mèksM+k] ,d fl;k
- wa mez clj dc gksrh gS
bl dkjxgs&gLrh esa tgka
- s lkx+j 'kh'ks <yrs gS
gj 'kSp dk cny fey ldrk gS lc nkeu iqj gks ldrs gSaA vc ywV >iV ls gLrh dh nwdkusa [+kkyh gksrh gSa
- ka ijor&ijcr ghjs g
- ka lkxj&lkxj eksrh gSaA
dqN yksx gSa tks bl nkSyr ij insZ yVdk;s fQjrs gSa gj ijcr dks gj lkxj dks uhyke p<+k;s fQjrs gSaA dqN oks Hkh gSa tks yM+&fHkM+ dj
- s insZ uksp fxjkrs gSa
gLrh ds mBkbZxhjksa dh gj pky my>k;s tkrs gSaA bu nksuksa esa ju iM+rk gS fur cLrh&cLrh] uxj&uxj gj clrs ?kj ds lhus esa gj pyrh jg ds ekFks ij
- s dkfy[k Hkjrs fQjrs gSa
oks tksr txkrs fQjrs gSa
- s vkx yxkrs fQjrs gSa
oks vkx cq>krs fQjrs gSaA lc lkx+j 'kh'ks] ykyks&xqgj bl ckt+h esa cn tkrs gSa mëks lc [k+kyh gkFkksa dks bl ju ls cqykos vkrs gSaA ft+ankaukek esa Q+St+ lkgc us lp vkSj >wB dh bl Hk;kog tax esa cgknqjksa dh cgknqjh dh ?kVukvksa dk ft+Ø 'kq: dj fn;k gSA bldk vkjaHk os nLrs&lck esa ^bZjkuh rqyck ds uke* fy[k ds dj pqds gSA ysfdu vHkh rd mudh ;g vknr iwjh rjg ugha x;h fd os Tokykeq[kh igkM+ ls fudyus okys èkq,a ds igys ejx+kSys dks gh ys cSBrs gSa] vkSj tc ;g èkq,a dk ckny gok ds >ksdksa ls iyd >idrs frrj&fcrj gks tkrk gS rks nq[kh gks tkrs gSaA ;k rwQ+ku dh igyh ekSt ds rek'ks esa gh [kks tkrs gSa vkSj tc mls lkfgy ds jsr esa tT+c gksrk ns[krs gSa rks nnZ dh T+;knrh ls csgky gks tkrs gSaA ;k c<+rs gq, y'dj ds lcls vxys LdkmV tc [ksr gks tkrs gSa rks mudks rM+irk ns[kdj iwjh nqfu;k dh O;oLFkk dks vkx yxk nsuk pkgrs gSaA ,sls nnZ dh cgqyrk gjsd usd fny dh fo'k"krk gksrh gS] ysfdu vxj Tokykeq[kh dh t+ehu esa nch xjt dks lquk tk;s] vkSj mlds pan {k.kksa esa mcyus okys djksM+ksa eu ykos dh dYiuk dh tk;s] ;k igyh ygj ds ihNs fcQjs gq, vlhe leanj dk [k+;ky fd;k tk;s rks èkqa, ds igys ejx+kSys ds fc[kjus] rwQ+ku dh igyh ygj ds tT+c gksus vkSj LdkmVksa ds ejus esa nnZ o x+e dh txg la?k"khZ rM+i vk tkrh gSA ft+anxh ds lk;s xgjs gksus ds ctk; mldh jaxhfu;ksa esa bt+kQ+k gks tkrk gSA bu rhuksa dh ekSr ij jksus&èkksus ds ctk; mudh ;knxkj eukus dks th pkgrk gSA os b'd+ks&eqgCcr ds igys ejus okys gh ugha] thr dh uhao Mkyus okys Hkh gSa] mudh ekSr ft+anxh 52 @ u;k iFk vDVwcj&fnlacj % 2010 dk jl gSA Q+St+ lkgc dk dsUol t+jk vkSj cM+k gks tk;s rks fu%lansg gekjs vnc ds xksdhZ cu tk;saxsA muls T+;knk bl #Rcs dk vkSj dkSu gd+nkj gSA cnfd+Lerh ls gkykr dqN ,sls gSa fd jtt+ [oka ¼;ks)kvksa dk mRlkg c<+kus okyk 'kk;j½ viuh ,d tku ds lkFk D;k dqN dj ldrk gS\ eaVxksejh esa esjh ,d M~;wVh Q+St+ lkgc ds fy, Jksrk bdV~Bk djus dh Hkh FkhA bldk ,d t+fj;k
- g Fkk fd eSa mudk rkt+k dyke lS;n lTtkn t+ghj dks ePN tsy esa] vkSj vrk vkSj iks'uh dks
gSnjkckn Hkst fn;k djrk FkkA lS;n lTtkn t+ghj ds ,d [k+r dk ,d fgLlk bl izlax ds vkf[k+j esa is'k djuk cgqr equkflc jgsxk % lsaVªy tsy ePN] cyksfpLrku 21 Qjojh 1954 bZ- ---vkbank eSa T+;knk ikcanh ls rqEgkjs [k+rksa dk tokc nwaxkA bl bjkns esa esjh uSfrd ft+Eesnkjh gh ugha cfYd LokFkZ Hkh 'kkfey gSA rqEgkjs [k+rksa ls nksLrh vkSj eqgCcr dh èkheh lqxaèk vkrh gS ftlls jatwj ¼nq[kh½ fny dks csbarsgk] BaMd igqaprh gSA bl rjg ge rUgkbZ esa ckrphr dj ysrs gSaA FkksM+h cgqr Q+ylfQ+;kuk vkSj vnch ewf'kxkfQ+;k ¼lw{e foe'kZ½ Hkh dj ysrs gSaA vkSj Q+kSyknh nhokjksa esa fdlh d+nj njkj Mkydj tSls fudyrs gq, lwjt dh fdjuksa ls t+jk nsj ds fy, fnekx+ dks jkS'ku dj ysrs gSaA fQj blds vykok rqe Q+St+ ds dyke ds rksgQ+s Hkh Hkstrs gks] vkSj vc dh rks rqeus <sj yxk fn;s gSaA buds fy, Q+St+ vkSj rqEgkjk cgqr cgqr 'kqfØ;kA ;g rks ,slk vfr;k ¼HksaV½ gS ftlds cnys eSa dHkh dqN ugha ns ldrkA Q+St+ dh uT+e ^eqykd+kr* eq>s ilan vk;h gSA blesa izrhdksa dk vyadj.k vius pje ij igqap x;k gS] vkSj igyh iafDr ls 'kq: gksdj ¼;s jkr ml nnZ dk 'ktj gS½ uT+e ds cgko ds lkFk&lkFk laqnj miekvksa vkSj :idksa ds tSls ukT+kqd Qwy pkjksa rjQ+ f[kyrs pys x;s gSa ftuesa ls gjsd ,slk gS tks viuh vyx lqxaèk vkSj jax Hkh j[krk gS vkSj nwljksa ds lkFk esy Hkh [kkrk gS vkSj larqfyr Hkh gSA fQj uT+e dk cqfu;knh [k+;ky iwjh dYiuk ds lkFk cM+h dke;kch ds lkFk feyk;k x;k gS tSls ,d glhu vkSj ukT+kqd ftLe esa nnZean] vuqHkwfr j[kus okyh vkSj ukT+kqd :g gksA ;g ugha ekywe gksrk fd nq[k] x+e dk ,glkl vkSj nnZ dh vfèkdrk] vkSj mu lcds ckotwn cfYd muds }kjk mfnr gksus okyh ^u;h lgj* dh dYiuk dks vkRelkr djds 'kk;j us mls uT+e esa <kyk gSA cfYd ;gka ij ;g Åapk] mRlkgoèkZd] [+k;ky vkSj dYiuk tSls 'kk;jkuk dYiuk dk Qy gS vkSj iwjh uT+e ds xqynLrs ls vkd"kZd vkSj :g v¶+t+k jaxhfu;ksa vkSj [kq+'kcqvksa ds lkFk >qd iM+k gSA rhljs can ds 'kq: dh pkj iafdr;ka tgka ls uT+e dks ,d eksM+ fn;k x;k gS] viuh jokuh] laxhr] 'kCn jpuk vkSj izHkko ds ,srckj ls viuk tokc ugha j[krhaA mUgsa ,d ckj i<+ yks rks fny ij uD+'k gks tkrh gSa vkSj fQj Hkwyrh ughaA ,slk ekywe gksrk gS fd tSls brokj dh lqcg dks fdlh ppZ dh ?kafV;ka ygd&ygd dj ct jgh gksa vkSj mudh eqlyly vkokt+ flQ+Z dkuksa esa ugha cfYd lkjs ftLe ds jkse&jkse esa mrj jgh gksA Q+St+ dh 'kk;jh dk ^jax* yksx ftl ckr dks dgrs gSa] mlesa ygts dk nnZ vkSj Q+t+k dh uehZ ,d pht+ gSA eq>s [kq+'kh gS fd bu iafDr;ksa esa og jax ugha gSA vPNs vkSj cM+s 'kk;j viuk jax t+:jr vkSj ekSd+s ds vuqlkj cnyrs jgs gSa] gkykafd os viuh izÑfr ugha cny ldrsA ^rqeus vius fiNys [k+r esa bldh rjQ+ b'kkjk fd;k Fkk fd vc mUgsa fgEer djds ,d Nykax yxkuh pkfg, rkfd mudh 'kk;jh esa [kq+'kcqvksa vkSj Qwy fc[ksjus ds vykok [k+Yds&[+kqnk ds ml eqckjd ilhus vkSj [+kwu dh gjkjr dk Hkh feJ.k gks ftlls vLy esa ft+anxh curh] cnyrh vkSj laojrh gSA u;k iFk vDVwcj&fnlacj % 2010 @ 53 eSa bl [k+;ky ls fcYdqy lger gwaA ysfdu eSa mUgsa ,slk djus ds fy, èkDdk nsuk ugha pkgrk --- bu vk'kktud izfrfcacksa ds dkj.k] tks mudh uT+eksa vkSj x+t+yksa esa [+kqn gh ut+j vk jgs gSa] lgh turkaf=kd orZeku fn'kk dk irk py jgk gSA esjs [+k;ky esa os [+kqn bl fcanq dks le>rs gSaA iatkc dh ljt+ehu lfn;ksa igys ckck Q+jhn] okfjl 'kkg] cqYgs'kkg dh t+krksa esa] nwljs gkykr vkSj nwljs ekgkSy esa] ,slh tEgwjh 'kk;jh iSnk dj pqdh gSA gekjs
- gka dchj] rqylh] lwj gks pqds gSaA ,sls uX+es fQj D;ksa ugha NsM+s tk ldrsA
bu u;h x+t+yksa ij mudks eqckjdckn nsuk] gkaykfd ;g lgh gS fd nkn fet+kZ tkQ+j vyh [k+ka ls gh ysuk pkfg,] eSa rks vc cjk,uke y[kuÅ dk jg x;k gwaA N% lky iatkc esa vkSj iatkfc;ksa ds lkFk jgdj vYykg gh tkurk gS fd t+cku fdruh ^fcxM+* x;h gSA 'kk;n pwafd ekSle cgkj dk gS blfy, gesa ^xqyksa esa jax Hkjs ckns&ukS&cgkj pys* okyh x+t+y lc ls vPNh yxhA bl 'ksj dh rkjhQ+ ugha gks ldrh % cM+k gS nnZ dk fj'rk] ;s fny x+jhc lgh rqEgkjs uke is vk;saxs x+e xqlkj pys ftl x+t+y dks rqeus ^oklks[+r* dk 'kh"kZd fn;k gS og Hkh vius jax esa [+kwc gSA ,d&,d 'ksj u'rj gSA fdl fdl dh rkjhQ+ djsaA [k+klrkSj ij ;g 'ksj % xj fQ+Øs&t+[+e dh rks [k+rkokj gSa fd ge D;ksa egos&engs&[+kwch&,&rSx+s&vnk48 u Fks bldh nkn rks Q+St+ fet+kZ ukS'kk ¼x+kfyc½ ls Hkh ysrs] tkQ+j vyh [k+ka vlj rks vyx jgs----*A mnwZ ls vuqokn % vtqZean vkjk mnwZ ls vuqokn % vtqZean vkjk mnwZ ls vuqokn % vtqZean vkjk 48- vnk dh ryokj dh [kwfc;ksa dh rkjhQ+ djus esa exu